200
High Voltage of two batteries-two five-levels
NPC voltages sources inverters cascade.
Application to the DSIM drive
S.Arezki(1), E.M.Berkouk(2)
(1).Université
des sciences et de la Technologie Houari
Boumediene. Alger
(2). Laboratoire
de commande des processus.Ecole National
Polytecnicque d'Alger
212 A
minimal-order observed based control method
for PV generator to reduce frequency deviations
of power system
Tomonobu Senjyu(1),
Manoj Datta(1), Atsushi
Yons(1), Toshihisa
Funabashi(2), Chul-Haw
Kim(3)
(1). Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering.
University of Ryukyus. Japan
(2). Meidensha Corporation.
Japan
(3). School of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University,
Korea
In this paper, a minimal-order observer
based control method is proposed. Here,
the PV power is controlled according to
load variation to minimize the frequency
deviation. Load power and diesel power
is estimated by a minimal order observer
successfully. From the estimated load
power, load variation index is calculated.
A low-pass filter is used to produce PV
base power from maximum PV power. Then,
PV base power is added with the load variation
index to generate the command PV power.
The proposed method is compared with the
method where Maximum Power Point Tracking
(MPPT) control and found superior in performance.
212 two
sheets summary
213 PV
output power fluctuations smoothing and
optimum capacity of energy storage system
for PV power generator
Tomonobu Senjyu(1),
Manoj Datta(1), Atsushi
Yona(1), Toshihisa
Funabashi(2), Chul-Hwan
Kim(3)
(1).Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering.
University of Ryukyus. Japan
(2).Meidensha Corporation.
Japan
(3).School of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University,
Korea
In
this paper, an Energy Storage System (ESS)
based control method is proposed to reduce
the PV output power fluctuations. The
ESS control model introduced here will
maintain the energy storage ratio near
50%. This will increase the life time
of the ESS as well as will decrease the
maintenance cost. A local search algorithm
is also provided with this ESS control
model to search the optimal capacity of
the ESS required for smoothing the PV
output power fluctuations and to find
the minimum capital cost. A cost comparison
is shown to realize the performance of
the search algorithm.
213
two
sheets summary
215 Dynamic
optimization of a 2-DOF pseudo-equatorial
tracking in virtual prototyping concept
C.Alexandru, M. Comsit, P.Alexandru
Product Design and Robotics Department.
University "Transilvania" of
Brasov. Rumania
The
key word for the design process of the
tracking systems is the energetic efficiency.
Using the tracking system, the panel follows
the sun and increase the collected energy,
but the driving motors consume a part
of this energy. In paper, we evaluate
a strategy for the dynamic optimization
of the tracking systems. The main task
in optimization is to maximize the energetic
gain by increasing the incoming solar
radiation, and minimizing the energy consumption
for tracking. This study is performed
by developing the virtual prototype of
the tracking system, which is a control
loop composed by the multibody mechanical
model connected with the dynamic model
of the actuators, and with the controller
model.
215 two
sheets summary
216 Effect
of large scale wind farms on the Egyptian
power system dynamics
M.EL-Sayed(1), Effat
Moussa(2)
(1). Electrical Power
Engineering. Dept. Cairo University
(2). Egyptian Electricity
Holding Company.
In
recent years wind energy has become an
important source of clean electrical generation.
Therefore, the penetration of wind turbines
in electrical power systems will be increasing
and then they may begin to influence overall
power system behavior, making it impossible
to run a power system by only controlling
large scale power plant. This foreseen
expansion will result in many technical
issues which must be dealt with in order
to guarantee that the quality of the utility
power is not affected. A file
In this paper aggregated wind farm modeling
is presented to investigate the effect
of wind farms of different sizes on the
Egyptian power system dynamics. The wind
farm is aggregated into minimal set of
equivalent wind generator models combining
all turbines with the same mechanical
nature frequency into single equivalent
turbine. Power system dynamics simulation
software is used to study the impact of
increasing wind turbine penetration on
system performance. The proposes technique
presented in [1] to estimate the reduction
in conventional electric capacity in presence
of Wind Turbine Generators is applied
while selecting the proposed wind farm
size.. The result shows that the Egyptian
system can withstands wind farms size
up to 900 MW.
217 The
strategic implantation of energy management
in a multinational enterprise
J. González de la Viuda(1),
V. Romero Arauzo(2)
(1). Department of
electromechanical engineering. University
of Burgos. Spain
(2). L' Oreal, Capillary
Products. Spain
218 Comparitive
study of sensible and latent heat storage
systems integrated with solar water heating
unit
S.A.Vijay Padmaraju(1),
M.Viginesh(1), N.Nallusamy(2)
(1).Department of
Mechanical Engineering. Sri Venkateswara
College of Engineering. India
(2). Head of the Department
of Automobile Engineering. India
This
work was undertaken to study the feasibility
of storing solar energy using phase change
materials and utilizing it to heat water
for nighttime usage. This system has a
solar water heater and a heat storage
system with PCM. The solar water heater
supplies hot water during the day. The
storage unit stores the heat in PCM's
and supplies hot water during the night.
It utilizes small Aluminium cylinders
filled with paraffin and integrated with
a solar collector. The performance of
this system is compared with conventional
system and their conclusions are presented.
220 Electromagnetic
interferences in inverter-fed induction
motor drives
Stanislav Bartos, Ivo Dolezel, Jakub Necesany,
Jiri Skramlik, Viktor Valouch
Institute of Thermomechanics ASCR. Praha.
Czech Republic
The
paper deals with the numerical modeling
of a pulse-width modulated voltage inverter-fed
induction motor drive for the common and
differential current modes. The proposed
model of the drive respects the influence
of the feeding cable described by the
lumped or distributed parameters. The
theoretical analysis is supplemented by
results of relevant simulations and experiments.
Evaluated are also the frequency characteristics
of selected parts of the system and their
contributions to its resultant harmonic
spectra.
220 two
sheets summary
222 Weighting
function integrated in grid-interfacing
converters for unbalanced voltage correction
Fei Wang, Jorge L. Duarte, Marcel A.M. Hendrix
Department of Electrical Engineering. Eindhoven
University of Technology. The Netherland.
A
weighting function for voltage unbalance
correction is proposed to be integrated
into the control of distributed grid-interfacing
systems. The correction action can help
decrease the negative-sequence voltage
at the point of connection with the grid.
Based on the voltage unbalance factor,
the interfacing converter delivers a small
amount of negative-sequence current to
the grid and helps correcting the negative-sequence
voltage. Although the reduced amplitudes
contributed by each individual DG system
are small compared to the total negative-sequence
component, many DG modules can collectively
achieve substantial results. As an example,
a three-phase grid-interfacing converter
is employed to integrate this function.
222 two
sheets summary
223 A
suitable power transfer control system for
interconnection converter of DC microgrids
Mishel Mahmoodi, Reza Noroozian, Gevorg
B. Gharehpetian, Mehrdad Abedi
Electrical Engineering Dept. Amirkabir University
of Technology. Tehran. Iran
223 two
sheets summary
224 Intelligent
sun-tracking system for efficiency maximization
of photovoltaic energy production
João M.G. Figueiredo(1),
José M.G.Sá da Costa(2)
(1). CEM-IDMEC. Universidade
Evora. Mechatronics Group. Portugal
(2). IDMEC-IST- Technical
University Lisbon, Portugal
225
Implementation of a bang-bang strategy for
PV system connected to the grid
B. Efker(1), A. Martinez(2),
H.M.Reddy(3)
(1). Siemens AG- Osnabrück,
Germany
(2). Ecole d´Ingénieurs
en Génie des Systèmes Industriels
(EIGSI), La Rochelle, France
(3). School of Engineering,
University of the South Pacificic, Suva,
Fiji Islands
This
paper presents a bang-bang strategy for
PV system connected to the grid. A string
PV system coupled to a single stage inverter
is described. The inverter presented in
this paper utilizes higher order DC filtering
and is made of a single stage topology
utilizing PI regulators to control the
Maximum Power Point (MPP). Additional
PI regulators are employed to minimize
the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) to
the minimum. The inverter designed meets
all relevant standards requirements.
225 two
sheets summary
228 Energy
quality in voltage, current and power signals
Tomás Yebra, Vicente Fuster
Instituto de Tecnología Eléctrica.
Parque Tecnológico de Valencia. Spain
228 two
sheets summary
229 Model
based predictive current control of an asynchronous
six-phase motor drive
R. Gregor(1), F. Barrero(1),
M.J. Durán(2),
M.R. Arahal(1), S.
Toral(1)
(1). Electronic &
System amd Automation Engineering Departments.
E.S.I.I. University of Seville. Spain
(2). Electrical Engineering
Department. E.S.I.I. University of Málaga.
Spain
230 Realization
of an asynchronous six-phase induction motor
drive test-rig
R. Gregor(1), F. Barrero(1),
S. Toral(1), M.J.
Durán(2)
(1). Electronic Engineering
Departments. E.S.I. University of Seville.
Spain
(2). Electrical Engineering
Department. E.S.I.I. University of Málaga.
Spain
235 Quality
of electricity supply as a service
Erwin Seren(1),
Joe Voric(2)
(1). The Energy Agency
of the Republic of Slovenia, Slovenija
(2). Faculty of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science. University
of Maribor, Slovenija.
Electricity
supply has nowadays become a part of every
day life and is a service expected by
electricity consumers. Their expectations
rely on the availability of electricity
whenever needed and on a safe and satisfactory
operation of all connected electrical
devices.
The expenses of electricity quality are
in the time of open market very important
to the consumers and especially to the
industry. They in fact signify an additional
value which can be ensured to the consumers
by the suppliers in order to increase
their productivity and reliability of
the production process.
In order to carry out economic regulation
of network charge, the Energy Agency of
the Republic of Slovenia (Slovenian regulator)
monitors quality of electricity supply.
The Agency monitors the parameters of
quality electricity supply with the intention
of permanently increasing its level. At
the other side on have to know where the
disturbances are coming.
236 Fault
Diagnosis of tin oxide gas sensor using
energy barrier and ART-2 neural network
In-Soo Lee(1), Chang-Hyun
Shim(2)
(1). School of Electronics
and Electrical Engineering, Sangju National
University. Korea
(2). Purenanotech
Co. Ltd Daegu. Korea
The
authors propose a method of fault diagnosis
for tin oxide gas sensors using energy
barriers at the contacting surfaces of
the particles of tin oxide film and ART-2
NN (adaptive resonance theory 2 neural
network) with uneven vigilance parameters.
We diagnosed tin oxide gas sensors upon
exposure to oil vapor, silicon vapor,
and high humidity. The sensor feature
for diagnosis was an energy barrier between
particles extracted by temperature-simulated
conductance measurement. The feature was
manipulated by an ART-2 neural network
and the performance was finally evaluated
with real n-C4H10 gas. This method proves
to be helpful to diagnose a fault that
was typically generated by oil vapor,
silicon vapor, and high humidity.
241 Electromagnetic
interference at the mains ports of an
equipment
Mircea Ion Buzdugan, Horia Balan, Emil
E. Simion, Tudor Ion Buzdugan
Technical University of Cluj- Napoca,
Romania
Distribution line hardware can generate
radio-frequency interference (RFI). Such
interference can impact the AM and FM
bands as well as VHF television broadcasts.
The
paper presents an electromagnetic interference
problem, due to the proximity of two AM
radio broadcasting stations which injected
especially common mode conducted emissions
over the maximal limits specified by the
national regulations in the public low
voltage mains network.
These emissions determined the malfunction
of the gas heating centrals Themaclassic
Saunier Duval installed in the area. The
problem was solved by the retro fitting
of an extra EMI filter for the mains network,
as presented in the paper.
242 Energy
efficiency modelling and estimation in petroleum
refining industry- A comparison using physical
data
A. Azadeh, S.F. Ghaderi, S.M. Asadzadeh
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty
of Engineering, University of Tehran. Iran
In
this paper, energy efficiency in petroleum
refining industry has been analyzed using
the non-parametric data envelopment analysis
approach with physical data. The proposed
model for evaluation of energy efficiency
does not require energy data in the operational
levels for considering the structural
effects. The average weighted boiling
point of refined products is used as structural
indicator in the proposed model. Also,
data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used
as a sensitivity analysis tool for determination
of the potentials and means of energy
consumption improvement and optimization.
The unique feature of this study is based
on the utilization of DEA for separation
of structural effects from other effects
which are referred to as activity and
intensity effects. The proposed model
is also verified and validated by principle
component analysis (PCA) and non-parametric
Spearman correlation technique.
244 Predictive-integral
current controller for active-and reactive-powercontrol
of wind generators
Pedro Roncero-Sánchez(1),
Vicente Feliu(1),
Aurelio García-Cerrada(2)
(1). Department of
Electrical, Electronic, Control Engineering
and Communications. E.T.S.I.I. University
of Castilla- La Mancha. Spain
(2). Department of
Electronics and Control Engineering. E.T.S.de
Ingeniería ICAI. Universidad Pontificia
Comillas. Spain
This
paper deals with the design of a predictive-integral
current controller for wind generators
connected to the grid. The goal is to
achieve a decoupled control of d- and
q-axes current components at the connection
point, which results in a decoupled control
of the active and the reactive power exchanged
between the generator and the grid. Furthermore,
the control system is designed to achieve
a deadbeat closed-loop system. The robustness
of the closed-loop dynamic response and
the active and reactive-power coupling
when system-modelling errors exist are
studied. Simulation and experimental results
are presented to validate the main contributions.
244 two
sheets summary
245
Trigeneration systems with fuel cells
J.I. San Martín(1),
I. Zamora(2), J.J.
San Martín(1),
V. Aperribay(1), P.
Eguía(2)
(1). Escuela Universitaria
de Ingeniería Técnica Industrial
de Eibar. University of The Basque Country.
Spain
(2). Escuela Técnica
Superior de Ingeniería de Bilbao.
University of The Basque Country. Spain
Trigeneration
systems include those processes of production
and simultaneous use of electricity, heat
and cold, from a single fuel source. The
simultaneous use of energy allows obtaining
high levels of overall energy efficiency,
lower emissions, security of supply, as
well as lower losses and investments in
networks.
The context of implementation of trigeneration
ranges from low voltage distributed generation
to the electric microgrid prototypes currently
under research. In this last environment,
the work is mainly focused in the following
power generation technologies: Fuel Cells,
Microturbines, Stirling Engines, Small
Wind Turbines, and Photovoltaic plants.
This paper focuses on those research proposals
that are currently being developed using
fuel cells as base technology for trigeneration.
245 two
sheets summary
246 A
device for improving the immunity of ac
contactors during voltage dips
P. Andrada, J.I. Perat, G. Navarro
Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Spain
This
paper describes an electronic device that
enables AC contactors to ride through power
quality disturbances. The proposed device
is connected to the contactor coil and consists
of a power conversion excitation and hold-in
circuit, a control circuit, an immunity
circuit and a shutdown circuit. It does
not disturb contactor operation, is easy
to use and can be built from cheap, commercially
available components. Experimental tests
have demonstrated the effectiveness of the
proposed electronic device for improving
the immunity of AC contactors during power
quality disturbances, particularly voltage
dips.
246 two
sheets summary
247 Wind
turbine permanent magnet synchronous generator
magnetic field study
B. Ghita, A.L.; Chirila, I; D. Deaconu;
D.I. Ilina
Department of Electrical Engineering. University
Politehnica of Bucharest. Romania
The
paper shows a 2D finite element optimization
method for a wind turbine permanent magnet
synchronous generator (PMSG) transverse
geometry. Keeping the same rotor diameter
the generator's magnetic flux is maximized
by changing the permanent magnets and
rotoric slot opening dimensions. The studies
show that for certain values of these
dimensions the magnetic flux (flux linkage
and mutual flux) has maximum values.
247 two
sheets summary
248 Investigation
methods for power quality problems in large
scale LV network
P.R. Wilczek, M.C. Benhabid, J.A.A. Myrzik,
J.L. Duarte
Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven
University of Technology. The Netherlands
249 Wireless
module of localization and control for security
J.Luna Rodriguez(1),
V. Barranco López(2),
D. Bullejos Martín(2),A
Sabariego Hernández(1)
(1). Department of
Architecture of Computers, Electronic Technology
and Electronic. E.P.S. Córdoba University.
Spain
(2). Department of
Electrical Engineering. E.P.S. Córdoba
University. Spain
250 Energy
Savings by means of energy efficient electric
motors
S. Corino, E. Romero, L.F. Mantilla
Department of Electrical Engineering and
Energy. E.T.S.I.I. y T. University of Cantabria.
Spain
250 two
sheets summary
252 Design
and implementation of an efficient hybrid
system for electricity production
Luís P.M. Fernandes(1),
João M.G. Figueiredo(2)
(1). CEM, Universidade
Évora. Portugal
(2). IDMEC-IST- Technical
University Lisbon. Portugal
255 Effects
of interfacial oxide layer thickness and
interface states on conversion efficiency
of SnO2/ SiO2/Si(N) solar cells
D.Hocine, MS. Belkaid
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
The University Mouloud Mammeri. Algiers
In
this paper, we studied the effects of
interfacial oxide layer thickness and
interface state density on the open circuit
voltage and efficiency of the SnO2/SiO2/Si
(N) solar cells. The results obtained
by numerical simulation using Matlab programs
are presented and discussed. The SnO2/SiO2/Si
(N) solar cells, in which the interfacial
oxide layer thickness is optimized to
21 A°, have an average open circuit
voltage of 0.62 V and a short circuit
current of 36 mA/cm². The calculated
conversion efficiency of the cells can
be as high as 17.5 %.
255 two
sheets summary
256 Optimal
location and size of SVC and TCSC for multi-objetive
static voltage stability enhancement
R. Benabid(1), M.
Boudour(2)
(1). Nuclear Research
Center of Birine. Algiers
(2). Department of
Electrical Engineering. University of Sciences
& Technology Houari Boumediene. Algiers
A
Non-dominated Sorting Particle Swarm Optimization
(NSPSO) is used to solve a mixed continuous-discreet
Multi-objective optimization problem witch
consist of optimal location and size of
Static Var Compensators (SVC) and Thyristor
Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSC) in
order to maximize Static Voltage Stability
Margin (SVSM), reduce power losses (PL)
and minimize load Voltage Deviations (VD).
While finding the optimal location, thermal
limits for the lines and voltage limits
for the buses are taken as security constraints.
The optimization is performed considering
two and three objectives for various combinations
of FACTS. Simulations are performed on
IEEE 14 test system for optimal location
and size of FACTS devices. The obtained
results are very encouraging and reveal
the capability of the method to generate
well-distributed non-dominated Pareto
front.
257 Comparison
of fault ride through characteristics of
VSI current controllers
J.F. Sanz, J. Sallán, M.A. Alonso
CIRCE Foundation and Electrical Engineering
Department of the University of Zaragoza.
Spain
The
paper compares the voltage sag ride-through
response of three current control methods
applied to a voltage source inverter (VSI):
traditional hysteresis, constant frequency
(Dead-Beat) and hysteresis vector control
with predictive algorithm.
In
the analysis of these control methods
it has been taken into account: response
speed, current error deviation and total
harmonic distortion during the sag, finding
out the most suitable, depending on the
required characteristics.
258 Power
quality permanent monitoring systems in
Romania
Carmen Stanescu(1),
Jakob Widmer(2), Sorin
Cristian Pispiris(1)
(1). Company Transelectrica.
Romania
(2). Landis+Gyr. Switzerland
258 two
sheets summary
260 Single
phase AC power load profile emulator
Y. Thiaux, J. Seigneurbieux, B. Multon,
H. Ben Ahmed, D. Miller
SATIE/SETE ENS de Cachan. Antenne de Bretagne.
France
This
paper deals with the realization and design
of a consumption profile emulator intended
for the validation of different element
energy models of a stand-alone wind and
photovoltaic system associated with electrochemical
energy storage. The emulator is made of
two back-to-back PWM converters connected
to the grid. It is designed to vary active
power but in a near future it will also
be used to load simulation with reactive
power. Energy models are then inserted
in a sizing optimization algorithm in
order to minimize the Global Energy Requirement
(GER) of the whole system.
262 New
control strategy to improve power quality
using a hybrid power filter
S.P. Litrán, P. Salmerón,
R.S. Herrera, J.R. Vázquez
Department of Electrical Engineering .
Escuela Politécnica Superior, University
of Huelva. Spain
A
new control algorithm for a hybrid power
filter constituted by a series active
filter and a passive filter connected
in parallel with the load is proposed.
The new control strategy is based on the
dual formulation of the vectorial theory
of electric power, so that the signal
injected by the active filter is able
to compensate the reactive power and the
harmonics of the load current. To verify
the developed theoretical analysis, the
control strategy was verified by means
of an experimental prototype. The results
to verify the effectiveness of the proposed
control algorithm are presented.
262
two
sheets summary
265 Current
control of distributed generation power
inverters for losses reduction in the
distribution network
E.Belenguer, Héctor Beltrán,
Néstor Aparicio, E. Pérez
Department of Industrial Engineering and
Design. Universitat Jaume I. Spain
The
main objective of the paper is to evaluate
the power losses reduction that can be
achieved in a low voltage distribution
network when the inverters associated
to the distributed generation are used
as active power filters to compensate
the non active currents produced by inductive
and unbalanced loads. For that purpose,
a hysteresis current control has been
proposed and implemented. A real distribution
three-phase four-wire network has been
simulated considering a large penetration
of distributed generation. Power losses
and the efficiency of the network have
been quantified for different compensation
cases.
266 Energy
storage device as a part of electric energy
production system based on renewable energy
sources
Sebastijan Seme, Gorazd tumberger,
Joe Voric
University of Maribor, Faculty of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science. Slovenia
This
work deals whit an energy storage device
as a part of electric energy production
system based on renewable energy sources.
The system supplies given load with known
load diagram. Operational diagrams of
individual units in the system are determined
in an optimization procedure. The optimization
goal is to supply given load with minimal
use of conventional energy delivered from
electric grid. Optimization is performed
by a stochastic search algorithm called
Differential Evolution for the system
consisting of the solar power plant, wind
turbine unit, flow battery, load and electric
grid. The optimization input data are
given weather forecasting and forecasted
load diagram.
266 two
sheets summary
267 Evaluation
of excessive transmission line losses caused
by unbalanced and nonlinear three-phase
loads
Klemen Deelak, Gorazd tumberger
University of Maribor, Faculty of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science. Slovenia
This
work evaluates excessive transmission
line losses caused by unbalanced and nonlinear
three-phase loads. The orthogonal decomposition
of currents is applied in order to determine
current component indispensable for energy
transmission and current components that
do not contribute to the energy transmission.
The last ones cause excessive losses in
the transmission lines. It is shown that
the excessive transmission losses increase
with the inverse ration of squared generalized
power factor. According to the presented
results, in the case of unbalanced nonlinear
loads, the excessive transmission losses
can reach almost the same value as the
transmission losses due to the linear
and balanced loads.
267 two
sheets summary
268 Experimental
study of a PEM reversible fuel cell
S. Rabih, O. Rallieres, C. Turpin, S. Astier
University of Toulouse- Laboratory LAPLACE.
France
269 Biogas
situation and development in Thai Swine
Farm
Wongkot Wongsapai(1),
Poon Thienburanathum(2),
Prasert Rerkkriengkrai(3)
(1). Depatment of
Mechanical Engineering.Faculty of Engineering,
Chiang Mai University. Thailand
(2). Department of
Civil Engineering. Chiang Mai University,
Chiang Mai. Thailand
(3).Energy Research
and Development Institute, Chiang Mai University.
Thailand
The
biogas technology in Thailand has been
developed and adopted in swine farm industry.
The objectives of the biogas development
are based on three problems; (i) to reduce
the appalling odor, (ii) to treat the
wastewater, (iii) and to produce the biogas
which is known as a renewable energy sources
from the anaerobic digestion wastewater
treatment processes. The biogas situation
including the technology development which
are mainly used the upflow anaerobic sludge
blanket (UASB) bioreactor system, was
discussed. From the results, we found
that 11.6 million cubic meters of biogas
per year would be produced which gas then
be used for various proposes; e.g. electricity
generation, LPG or fuel oil substitution
in boiler.
271 Biodiesel
technology and management from used cooking
oil in Thailand rural areas
Pongsiri Jaruyanon(1),
Wongkot Wongsapai(2)
(1). Faculty of
Engineering and Industrial Technology,
Silpakorn University, Nakorn Prathom,
Thailand
(2). Faculty of
Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai, Thailand
The
small-scale biodiesel production unit
from used cooking oil have been design
and constructed for use in rural areas
in Nakorn Sawan province, Thailand. In
this paper, used cooking oil potential
quantity has been surveyed and found that
there are 1.3 million litres of used cooking
oil per year. The used cooking oil can
turn to biodiesel using transesterification
processes which converted triglycerines
to biodiesel by mixing with methanol to
be fatty acid methyl esters. Biodiesel
can be used for various proposes; e.g.
diesel substitution, agricultural machines.
This paper also discussed management and
flows of biodiesel from the sources to
end-users.
272 Multichannel
online quality and efficiency power network
diagnostic according to IEC standards
Richárd Bátorfi
Department of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering, University of Miskolc. Hungary
273 Digital
filter simulation for development of digital
flickermeter
Attila Unhauzer(1),
Angéla Váradi(2)
(1).Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University
of Miskolc. Hungary
(2). Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering. University
of Miskolc. Hungary
274 A
survey on voltage dip events in power systems
V. Barrera-Núñez, J. Meléndez-Frigola,
S. Herraiz-Jaramillo
Institute of Informatics and Applications
of the University of Girona, Spain
A
general view of voltage dip analysis is
presented in this paper. The objectives
to perform voltage dip analysis, activities
inside of this analysis and methodological
aspects are described from a data mining
perspective. Basic data mining principles
were taken as the basis to identify similar
steps in power quality works involving
classification and knowledge discovery
tasks. This paper is centred in voltage
dip event diagnosis in order to reduce
the study and focus the analysis.
Power
quality data is generated at several locations
in local utility's service territory,
asynchronously during long periods of
time. This information is continuously
monitored and registered, causing a great
volume of data. Consequently, the amount
of data is increasing daily, due to the
advances in the data storage technologies
too. The end-user has a large amount of
data to assess and reduce the power quality
problems. The technologies to transform
in a short time raw data in knowledge
or answers have been few developed. Hence,
the new goal of monitoring systems is
to transform automatically this huge amount
of data into useful knowledge in order
to assist the management of the network.
274
two
sheets summary
275 Multi-phase
generators viability for offshore wind
farms with HVDC transmission
M.J. Duran(1), F.
Barrero(2), S. Toral(2),
M. Arahal(2), R.
Gregor(2), R. Marfil(1)
(1). Electrical
Engineering Department, School of Engineering,
University of Málaga (Spain)
(2). Electronic
& Automatic Engineering Department,
School of Engineering, University of Seville
(Spain).
277 Wind
generation and power system interaction
analysis using probabilistic techniques
Marco Ortiz, Juan Rios, Manuel Acosta
Transmission Planning Department. CVG EDELCA.
Venezuela
Energy
power from renewable sources, especially
wind turbine generators, are being considered
as an important generation alternative
in the electrical power systems around
the world due to their non contaminant
nature and low environmental effects.
In particular, the power supplied by wind
generators is widely random; therefore
a probabilistic approach during planning
seems much more appropriate than the deterministic
approach actually used in the electrical
utilities. This paper presents a methodology
that allows the application of probabilistic
analysis, thru the use of programming
tools and the development random wind
speed generator, to be used in the load
flow planning studies.
278 A
simple neural network solar tracker for
optimizing conversion efficiency in off-grid
solar generators
Marius Alexandru Panait, T.Tudorache
Polytecnic University of Bucharest. Romania
278
two sheets summary
279 Harmonic
source identification of a distributed generator,
and compensation the voltage change caused
by changing generation
Bálint Hartmann, András Dán
Department of Electric Power Engineering
Budapest University of Technology and Economics.
Hungary
279 two
sheets summary
280 Contemporary
approach to determination of magnetic induction
in wind generator air gap
A. Elez(1), B. Tomicic(2),
B. Takac(1)
(1). Koncar- Electric
Engineering Institute Inc. Zagreb. Croatia
(2). Koncar- Generators
and Motor Inc. Zagreb. Croatia
281 Improving
the incremental conductance control method
of a solar energy conversion system
Janine Kouta(1), Ali
El-Ali(1), Nazih Moubayed(1),
Rachid Outbib(2)
(1). Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lebanese
University, Tripoli. Lebanon
(2). Laboratory of
Sciences in Information and Systems (LSIS),
Aix-Marseille III University, Marseille.
France
The
sun is at the origin of the quasi-totality
of the sources of energies used by the
humanity for its food, domestic and industrial
needs. In this paper, after presentation
of the studied system, the conversion
from solar energy to electrical one is
treated. The 'incremental conductance'
method is used to maximize the output
power of a solar panel. This method had
been improved by using the averaging strategy
of the chopper duty cycle. The time responce
is reduced, but, power ripples appears.
To eliminate them, the delta adaptative
strategy was applied.
281 two
sheets summary
282 Analysis
of a single phase inverter for photovoltaic
systems operating in a weak electric grid
Gorazd tumberger, Sebastijan Seme,
Klemen Deelak, Andrej Hanic,
Joe Voric
University of Maribor, Faculty of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science. Slovenia
Single-phase
inverters for photovoltaic systems are
normally analyzed when they are connected
to the strong electric grid with low impedance.
This work focuses on analysis of a single-phase
inverter operating in a weak electric
grid with relatively high impedance. Presented
are experimentally determined results
for the inverter's efficiency, voltage
and current total harmonic distortion
and power factor. The results presented
show substantial contents of sub harmonic
components in the inverter's output current.
282
two sheets summary
283 Numerical
interpolation methods applied in electromagnetic
interference problems
Dan D. Micu(1), Andrei
Ceclan(1), Iosif Lingvay(2),
Emil Simion(1)
1. Department of Electrical Engineering,
Technical University of Cluj- Napoca. Romania
2. INCDIE ICPE- Cercetari Avansate, ICPE
SA Bucuresti. Romania
In
the paper are evaluated the induced potential
in a gas pipeline based on the subdivision
of the zone of influence AC power lines
/ electric traction line / gas pipeline,
in a relatively great number of sections
in order to be able to determine voltages
at many positions along the gas pipeline.
Is presented a practical case from Cluj
(Romania), of subdivision of the zone
of influence in sections and is created
a special interpolation algorithm for
the precise calculation of the induced
voltages values in different points on
the pipeline taking into account the measured
data. Is observed that the interpolation
spline function with linear end conditions
is more precise than the linear interpolation
polynom but the presented MathCad algorithm
gives us the correct data if the interval
of the influence zone is increasing. The
interpolation functions, linear and spline,
do a great job in fitting a continuous
link function between magnetic permeability
and induced electrical currents.
284 Multi-level
representation for the control design of
a super capacitor storage system for a microgrid
connected application
Peng LI(1,2), Philippe
Degobert(2), Bruno
François(1),
Benoît Robyns(3)
(1). Ecole Centrale
de Lille (L2EP). France
(2). Ecole National
Supérieure d' Arts et Métiers.
Lille. France
(3). Hautes Etudes
d' Ingénieur. Lille. France
In
this paper an average multi-level representation
of power electronic converters is used
to design a dynamic model of a Super Capacitor
Bank for a microgrid application. A dedicated
multi-level modelling is designed to quantify
energy variations in storage elements
(super capacitors, DC bus) and various
losses. We demonstrate that this model
is sufficient to design the control system
of the entire power storage system, meanwhile
the super capacitors, the chopper and
the grid connected converter. The proposed
global model is simulated with the help
of Matlab-SimulinkTM by considering two
units of 48V 144F super capacitor modules.
284 two
sheets summary
285 Unified
power quality conditioner (UPQC) with voltage
dips and over-voltages compensation capability
Victor M. Moreno(1),
Alberto Pigazo(1),
Marco Liserre(2),
Antonio Dell' Aquila(2)
(1). Department of
Electronic and Computers. University of
Santander. Spain
(2). Dipartimento
di Elettrotecnica ed Elettronica.Politecnico
di Bari. Italy
Unified
power quality conditioners (UPQCs) allow
the mitigation of voltage and current
disturbances that could affect sensitive
electrical loads while compensating the
load reactive power. Diverse control techniques
have been proposed to evaluate the instantaneous
output voltage of the series active power
filter of the UPQC but, in most cases,
these controllers only can compensate
a kind of voltage disturbance.
This
paper proposes a new digital controller
for UPQCs which allows the load current
harmonics and reactive power to be compensated
at the grid side while avoiding the effect
of voltage dips, over-voltages and voltage
harmonics on the local loads. The controller
characteristics can be established on-line
without changing its basic structure.
The performance of the proposed controller
has been evaluated through simulation
tests.
286 Power
systems disturbance classification using
modular neural networks with multilayers
experts
R.M.Magalhães, C.K.S. Santos, J.D.
Melo, M.F.de Medeiros, A.D. Dória
Neto
Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Federal
University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal,
Brasil.
287 Wind
tunnel assessment of small direct drive
wind turbines with permanent magnets synchronous
generators
Mihai Predescu(1),
Andrei Bejinariu(1),
Adrian Nedelcu(1),
Octavian Mitroi(1),
Catalin Nae(2), Mihai.Victor
Pricop(2), Aurelian
Craciunescu(3)
1. ICPE S.A.- SICE Centre. Romania
2. INCAS. Romania
Universitatea Politehnica Bucuresti. Romania
288 The
occurrence of faults in permanent magnet
synchronous motor drives an its effects
on the power supply quality
J. O. Estima, A.J. Marques Cardoso
University of Coimbra. FCTU/IT. Portugal
The
non-sinusoidal current drawn by variable
speed drives has increase the concern
about its effects on the distribution
system power quality. On the other hand,
electrical drives based on permanent magnet
synchronous motors have become serious
competitors against induction motors drives.
This paper presents a study of the effects
on the power supply quality due to the
occurrence of faults in a permanent magnet
synchronous motor drive. Only single open-circuit
faults in the inverter are considered.
288 two
sheets summary
289 Graphic
tools for analysing the influence of noise
and aperiodic components in the performance
of digital filters: a case study
J. Lázaro(1),
M.A. Zorrozua(2),
J.F. Miñambres(2),
M.I. Sánchez(1),
B. Larrea(1), I. Antiza(3)
(1). Department of
Applied Mathematics. E.T.S.I.Basque Country
University. Spain
(2).Department of
Electrical Engineering. E.T.S.I. Basque
Country University. Spain
(3). GE Multilin.
Zamudio. Spain
An
accurate phasor estimation is an important
task for a correct operation of digital
protections. The performance of these
devices is affected by the presence of
aperiodic components in electrical signals.
In addition, their stability is heavily
conditioned by the distortion resulting
from the noise inherent to signal processing.
Usually,
numerical performance indices are used
to measure the accuracy of a proposed
method. In order to ease the analysis
and comparison of different digital filters,
a new set of graphic tools is presented
in this paper.
A
case study is presented with three different
filtering algorithms developed for protection
relaying.
289 two
sheets summary
290 Dynanic
power flow tool development for low voltage
networks analysis with penetration level
of distributed generation
A.Milo(1), A. Martinez(1),
M. Rodriguez(2), A.
Goikoetchea(2)
(1). Department of
Control Engineering. IKERLAN, Technological
Research Centre. Spain
(2). Faculty of Engineering,
University of Mondragon. Spain
This
article presents the development of a
power flow tool to analyse the impact
of the integration of distributed generation
on low voltage distribution networks.
The work has been implemented in MATLAB-SIMULINK
environment. The developed tool can be
used in radial or weakly meshed 3-phase
networks with the presence of distributed
generation. The voltage and power magnitudes
of selected nodes can vary over time allowing
a dynamic power flow analysis.
291
Bond graph model of a PEM fuel cell stack
S. Rabih, C. Turpin, S. Astier
University of Toulouse - Laboratory LAPLACE
Site ENSEEIHT. France
292 A
new modulation approach to decrease total
harmonic distortion of the SPWM voltage
waveform using genetic optimization technique
N. Tutkun
Department of Electrical & Electronic
Eng. Faculty of Eng. Karaelmas University.
Turkey
293 Reduction
in induction motor heating fed by a new
PWM technique: results obtained in laboratory
experiments
M.J. Meco-Gutiérrez(1),
A. Ruiz González(1),
F. Vargas-Merino(1),
J.R. Heredia-Larrubia(2)
(1). E.T.S. Ingenieros
Industriales. Electric Engineering Department.
Spain
(2). Electronic Technology
Department. University of Málaga
This
paper presents the laboratory results
on heat produced in an induction motor
stator when this is fed by a controlled
inverter using a new PWM technique designed
by the authors, compared to the heat produced
in the same motor fed by more traditional
PWM techniques. The technique designed
by the authors has a clear advantage over
the other traditional PWM techniques in
terms of heating the motor. This is due
to the lower content of harmonics.
295 An
overview on renewable energy technologies
for developing countries: the case of
Guinea Bissau
C. Boccaletti(1),
G. Fabbri(1), J.
Marco(2), E. Santini(1)
(1). Department
of Electrical Engineering. University
of Rome "La Sapienza". Italy
(2). Department
of Civil Engineering. University Polithecnique
of Madrid. Spain
295 two
sheets summary
296 Design
of an electrical drive for motorized bicycles
C.Boccaletti, G. Duni, P. Petrucci, E. Santini
Department of Electrical Engineering. University
of Rome "La Sapienza". Italy
296 two
sheets summary
297 Modifyng
modern power systems quality by integrating
grid computing technology
R. Al-Khannak, B. Bitzer
South Westfhalia University of Applied Sciences.
Germany
298 Association
of PV, gas micro turbine and short term
storage system to participate un frequency
control
Herbreteau J.(1,4),
Courtecuisse V.(1,2),
Peng L.(1,3), Degobert
Ph(1,4), Robyns B.(1,2),
Francois B.(1,3)
(1). Laboratoire d´Electrotechnique
et d´Electronique de Puissance de
Lille. France
(2). Ecole des Hautes
Etudes d´Ingénieur. Lille.
France
(3). Ecole Centrale
de Lille. France
(4). Ecole National
Supérieure des Arts et Métiers.
Lille. France
The
goal of this work is to propose a supervision
methodology for hybrid generation systems.
This strategy must improve the grid insertion
of renewable distributed generator (DG)
by associating them with a short term
storage and available decentralized generator
(ADG). A fuzzy logic supervisor (FLS)
is proposed to maintain a reference power
and to contribute to frequency control
with a hybrid generator (HG) based on
photovoltaic arrays, gas micro turbine
and supercapacitors. A detailed method
to build this supervisor is proposed.
The proposed fuzzy logic supervisor is
compared with a basic supervision strategy
The FLS gives a better storage management
by reducing high and low saturation state,
thus the HG can provide a more regular
power reserve to contribute to the primary
frequency control. The performance of
this supervisor is shown with the help
of simulations.
299 Modeling
and implementation of renewable energy
sources to distribution systems
Josef Tlusty(1),
Viktor Valouch(2)
(1). Department
of Power Engineering. Faculty of Electrical
Engineering, CTU. Czech Republic
(2). Department
of Electric Machines, Drives and Power
Electronics/ Institute of Thermomechanics.
Czech Republic
Today´s
trends are tending to environmental friendly
sources utilization. This reality is affecting
electrical energy distribution systems,
means new technical solution and bring
new tasks to be solved. Within new projects
in the future in supplying local areas,
a Power Operation and Power Qua1ity Management
System (POPQMS) must be developed. In
order to model the parts of network with
regulation programmable opened software
in Matlab - DynaSolv was developed. DynaSolv
can simulate multi-machine dynamics. The
paper describes various principles of
penetration synchronous machine type DGS
into distribution network. This study
provides possible complex analysis view
on DGS stability issues, which can answer
the possibility of connection.
300 Unit
commitment and generation dispatch of
a hydropower plant in a competitive electricity
market
Juan I. Pérez, José R. Wilhelmi,
Luis A. Arévalo
Departamento de Ingeniería Civil:
Hidráulica y Energética.
E.T.S.I. de Caminos, Canales y Puertos.
Technical University of Madrid. Spain
This
paper presents a novel approach based
on dynamic programming to solve the short-term
scheduling problem of a hydropower plant
in a competitive electricity market. The
solution of the problem provides both
the optimal units status (on/off) and
the optimal power output in each stage
of the time period considered (from one
day to one week). The power is considered
as a nonlinear function of the water discharge
and the reservoir volume; the dependence
of the units and plant operating limits
on the gross head, and the water discharged
through the spillway have been also taken
into account.
300 two
sheets summary
302 Renewable
energy supervision and real time production
control in Spain
T. Domínguez(1),
M.de la Torre(1),
G. Juberías(1),
E. Prieto(2), R. Rivas(1),
E. Ruiz(1)
(1). Dpto de Centro
de Control Eléctrico (CECOEL). Red
Eléctrica de España SA. Spain
(2). Dpto de Estudios
de Red. Red Eléctrica de España
SA. Spain
The
rapid growth of wind power, which has
reached 13,908 MW at the end of 2007,
along with the installation of other technologies
like solar power, mini-hydraulic or cogeneration
plants have lead to the consideration
of special regime generation as another
major fraction of the Spanish electrical
generation mix. In order to supervise,
control and integrate the Spanish TSO
(Red Eléctrica de España)
has launched in June 2006 the Control
Centre for Renewable Energies (CECRE)
which deals with the specific challenges
of these technologies with the goal of
maximizing their production without jeopardizing
the security of the electric system.
302 two
sheets summary
303 Model
of integrated pool/conventional/alternative
electricity market operation using pay-as-bid
pricing
Fabio Stacke(1), Pablo
Cuervo(2)
(1). Brazilian Electricity
Regulatory Agency- ANEEL. Brasil
(2). University of
Brasília. Brasil
A
model with interaction of pool, conventional
and alternative markets in a power system
inserts a competition for alternative
power plants separating the pricing with
'Pay-as-Bid' (PAB) approach in opposite
of classical Marginal Pricing (MP) because
the inelastic demand characteristic and
the necessity of reduce total operation
cost. Agents can plan portfolios based
on reasonable stable prices that reflect
impact of supplying several electricity
types and associated costs of resources
in several operation scenarios and bid
strategies. The minimization of payments
by PAB ensures the supply of energy, transmission
losses and alternative energy requirements
as well as enforcing financial adequacy.
305 Optimal
pumping in a single chamber microbial
fuel cell
A. Araújo, Maria F. Patrício,
José L. Santos
CMUC, Department of Mathematics, University
of Coimbra. Portugal
In
this work we study the numerical behaviour
of a diffusion equation with a discrete
source term and control variables. Our
goal is to use optimization techniques
in order to obtain a numerical solution
that minimizes a given objective function
taking into account some restrictions.
Some numerical results are presented concerning
the application into a model that describes
the oxygen concentration in a single chamber
microbial fuel cell. These numerical results
are used to obtain a continuous approximation
with the least-squares method.
308 Influence
of capacitances on the impedance-based
methods for SLG fault location in distribution
networks
S. Herraiz(1), J.
Meléndez(1),
J. Sánchez(2)
(1). Institute of
Computer Science and Applications, University
of Girona. Spain
(2). ENDESA DISTRIBUCIÓN.
Spain
309 Biomass
for power and energy generation
Narsimhulu Sanke(1),
D.N. Reddy(2)
(1). Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering, University College of Engineering,
Osmania University. India
(2). Center for Energy
Technology, University of Engineering, Osmania
University. India
Biomass
is a scientific term for living matter,
more specifically any organic matter that
has been derived from plants as a result
of the photosynthetic conversion process.
The word biomass is also used to denote
the products derived from living organisms
- wood from trees, harvested grasses,
plant parts, and residues such as stems
and leaves, as well as aquatic plants.
The solid biomass processing facility
may also generate process heat and electric
power. As more efficient bioenergy technologies
are developed, fossil fuel inputs will
be reduced; biomass and its by-products
can also be used as sources for fuelling
many energy needs. The energy value of
biomass from plant matter originally comes
from solar energy through the process
known as photosynthesis. In nature, all
biomass ultimately decomposes to its elementary
molecules with the release of heat. During
conversion processes such as combustion,
biomass releases its energy, often in
the form of heat, and the carbon is re-oxidized
to carbon dioxide to replace that which
was absorbed while the plant was growing.
Essentially the use of biomass for energy
is the reversal of photosynthesis.
311
Application of genetic algorithms to compute
the magnetic field produced by electric
power lines
F. Muñoz, J.A. Aguado, F. Martín,
J.J. López, A. Rodríguez,
J.E. Ruiz
Department of Electrical Engineering.
E.T.S.I.I.-E.U.P. Málaga. Spain
315
On the dependence between the step orientation
and the received direct solar radiance of
a PV panel. Part I: the step azimuthal orientation
Ion Visa, Dorin Diaconescu, Valentina Popa
Product Design Centre for Sustainable Development,
Transilvania University of Brasov. Romania
The
approached problem regards the energetic
efficiency maximization of a tracked PV
panel by maximizing the received direct
solar radiation, with minimum driving
energy.
The
objective of this first paper part is
to optimize correlation between the panel
received direct solar radiation and the
daytime tracking steps' number, in case
of an azimuthal tracked PV panel. The
paper presents a graphical solving of
the problem; from these solutions, an
optimization analytic model will be developed
in the future.
315
two sheets summary
316
On the dependence between the step orientation
and the received direct solar radiance of
a PV panel. Part II: the pseudo-equatorial
orientation
Dorin Diaconescu, Ion Visa, Bogdan Burduhos,
Radu Saulescu
Product Design Centre for Sustainable Development,Transilvania
University of Brasov. Romania
This
second part of the paper approaches a
problem that is referring to the energetic
efficiency maximization of a tracked PV
panel, which consists in maximizing the
received solar radiation and minimizing
the driving energy. The objective is to
optimize the "received direct solar
radiation" - "number of daytime
tracking steps" correlation for a
pseudo-equatorially tracked PV panel (Fig.
1). The solution presented is a graphical
one and an analytic model will be developed
in the future.
316 two
sheets summary
317 Wind
energy systems and power quality: matrix
versus two-level converters
R. Melício(1),
V.M.F. Mendes(1),
J.P.S. Catalão(2)
(1). Instituto Superior
de Engenharia. Lisbon. Portugal
(2). Univesity of
Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
This
paper presents data of the actual installed
electric power capacity for the renewable
energy power systems in Portugal. Also,
this paper presents a contribution consisting
in a modulation strategy for simulation
of a wind energy system with different
topologies for power converters, consisting
on a matrix and a two-level converter.
Although more complex, this modulation
strategy is justified for more accurate
results.
317 two
sheets summary
322 Super-capacitor
integration into hybrid vehicle power source
V. Brlica
Department of Electrical Engineering. University
of Defence in Brno. Czech Republic
The
hybrid vehicle based on the concept of
battery operated electrical vehicle, where
small ICE provides primarily the thermal
comfort in cabin, gains practically all
the traction power from the battery, and
in economic mode the coupled generator
delivers only low power for battery recharging.
The power peaks, which are necessary for
good dynamics and recuperation, damage
the battery electrodes and shorten its
lifetime. The super-capacitor, with much
better charging efficiency, can store
the energy from braking to the next acceleration.
Its sizing and voltage control is discussed
in this paper.
324 Power
factor improvement of DC/DC converter of
micro-turbines
H.R. Baghaee(1), M.
Mirsalim(2) , .M.Ale-Emran(1),
M. Abedi(1), G.B.
Gharehpetian(1)
(1). Electrical Engineering
Department Amirkabir University of Technology
. Tehran. Iran
(2). Electrical Engineering
Department at St. Mary´s University,
San Antonio, TX,US
The
distributed generation interconnection
to the power system can have impact not
only on the power flow, but also on power
quality of customers, and utilities. This
paper proposes a multi-function nonlinear
link for distribution generation systems.
The main function of this link is to regulate
the active power supplied from distribution
generation to the utility. The link can
also supply reactive power to the utility
to enable unity power factor operation
or to regulate the voltage at the point
of common coupling. This link can also
be controlled to mitigate power quality
problems. Genetic algorithm is also used
for the optimization of parameters of
the power factor correction controller.
The simulation performed in MATLAB/Simulink
validates the effectiveness of the proposed
power factor scheme.
326 Mathematical
Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic
Array
Tomas Skocil(1),
M.P. Donsión(2)
(1). Department
of Electrical Power Engineering and Ecology,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering in Pilzen,
University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic.
(2).Department of
Electrical Engineering, Vigo University,
Spain.
326
two sheets summary
327 An
overview on short and long-term response
energy storage devices for power systems
applications
Sérgio Faias(1),
Patrícia Santos(1),
Jorge Sousa(1), Rui
Castro(2)
(1). Instituto Superior
de Engenharia de Lisboa, DEEA/ISEL. Portugal
(2). Instituto Superior
Técnico/Technical University of Lisbom.
IST/TUL. Portugal
Energy
storage devices provide valuable benefits
to improve stability, power quality and
reliability of supply. Storage technologies
have developed significantly in order
to meet the challenges of practical power
systems applications.
Energy
storage devices can be classified into
short and long-term response, depending
on their application. Technologies with
high power density and with the ability
to respond to the requests in short time
fractions like flywheels, capacitors or
superconducting magnetic coils belong
to the so-called short-term response energy
storage devices category. Energy storage
devices with the capability to absorb
and supply electrical energy for long
periods of time like pumping hydro, batteries,
compressed air and hydrogen fuel cells
are considered in the long-term response
category.
This
paper focuses on the latest short and
long-term energy storage technology developments,
performance analysis, and cost considerations.
327
two
sheets summary
332 A
case study of risk analysis due to lightning
for wind power plants
R.B. Rodrigues(1),
V.M.F. Mendes(1),
J.P.S. Catalão(2)
(1). Instituto Superior
de Engenharia. Lisbon. Portugal
(2). University
of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
This
paper briefly describes the Portuguese
Lightning Location System, and presents
an overview of wind energy in Portugal.
The method for risk assessment due to
lightning flashes to earth, proposed by
the International Electrotechnical Commission,
IEC, is used. A wind power plant is characterized
for a case study, and the standard IEC
62305-2 is applied. Results obtained are
able to support the advantage for investors
to take into account the lighting activity
in the region where the wind power plant
shall be installed. Also, the use of a
well established risk assessment method
allows the adoption of adequate protection
measures.
332 two
sheets summary
333 Moving
actuator surfaces: a new concept for wind
turbine aerodynamic analysis
Christian Masson, Christophe Sibuet Watters
Department of Mechanical Engineering. École
de Technologie Supérieure. Canada
The
actuator disk is a concept often used
in wind turbine aerodynamics, where the
action of the turbine on the flow is averaged
over time and space. This simplification
stills retain sufficient physical information
for wind turbine aerodynamic design. Its
limitations are essentially related to
the impossibility to model the blade shed
vorticity. This paper presents a more
general approach that uses rotating actuator
surfaces carrying velocity and pressure
discontinuities which are set from knowledge
of the circulation around the model blade
sections and using blade element analysis.
The mathematics of rotating actuator surfaces,
as well as an application to the TUDelft
rotor are presented in this paper. The
results are encouraging.
335 Real
time power disturbance characterization
system based on wavelet transform and
LabView platform
J.E. Ruiz, J. Aguado, F. Martín,
F. Muñoz, J.J. López, A.
Rodríguez
Department of Electrical Engineering.
E.T.S.I.I. Málaga University. Spain
336 Dynamic
performance of a microturbine connected
to a low voltage network
E.Torres(1), J.M.
Larragueta(1), P.
Eguia(1), J. Mazón(1),
J.I. San Martín(2),
I. Zamora(1)
(1). Department
of Electrical Engineering .E.T.S.I.- Bilbao.
Spain
(2). Department
of Electrical Engineering. E.U.I.T.I.-
Eibar. Spain
Nowadays
there is a great interest for the use
of microturbines as sources of distributed
generation, particularly in areas where
demand is both electricity and heat. In
these areas microturbines reach very high
efficiency rates. Microturbines can operate
both stand-alone and grid connected. The
second one of the mentioned possibilities
is which deserves a much deeper study,
to analyse the interaction of the microturbine
with the distribution network it is connected
to.
In this paper a dynamic model of a microturbine
is developed with Matlab/Simulink/Simpowersystems.
The model has been included within a low
voltage network model and several dynamic
simulations have been performed to study
the response to step changes in the power
control references. Also, the performance
of the microturbine to faults in the network
has been analysed.
336
two sheets summary
337 Solar
intensity estimation in a geographical region
based on agents
J.A. Ramos Hernanz(1),J.J.
Campayo Martín(1),
I. Zamora Belver(2),
E. Puelles Pérez(1),
E. Zulueta Guerrero(3)
(1). Department of
Electrical Engineering E.U.I. Vitoria- Gasteiz.
University of The Basque Country. Spain
(2). Department of
Electrical Engineering. E.T.S.I. Bilbao.
University of The Basque Country. Spain
(3). Department of
Systems Engineering and Automatic. E.U.I.Vitoria-Gasteiz.
University of The Basque Country. Spain
337 two
sheets summary
338 A
new design approach for ground source heat
pumps based on hourly load simulations
L. Lamarche, G. Dupré, S. Kajl
Department of Mechanical Engineering. École
de Technologie Supérieure. Canada
339 Comparison
of transmission and distribution systems
in Czech Republic and Spain
F. Rajsky(1), M.P.
Donsión(2)
(1). Department of
Electrical Power Engineering and Ecology,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering in Pilzen,
University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic.
(2). Department of
Electrical Engineering, Vigo University,
Spain.
339 two
sheets summary
340 Design
of control strategies to improve grid integration
in fixed speed wind energy systems with
battery storage
A. Goikoetxea(1),
M. Rodríguez(1),
H. Binder(2), A. Milo(3)
(1). Faculty of Engineering.
University of Mondragon. Spain
(2). Riso National
Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark
(3). Department of
Control Engineering, IKERLAN, Research Centre.
Mondragon. Spain
341 Performance
of rotational speed controlled small-scale
head-dependent hydroelectric power plant
Tuomo Lindh, Risto Tiainen, Jero Ahola,
Markku Niemelä, Ville Särkimäki
Lappeenranta University of Technology. Finland
Frequency
converters can be utilized in a small
or micro scale hydropower plant as a control
method alternative to using a adjustable
blade angle turbine or a bank of fixed
blade angle turbines which can form different
combinations to keep the head variation
as low as possible (two-point control).
The overall economical feasibility of
the options will be determined by their
investment and operating (maintenance)
costs, and the efficiency. However, the
operational costs are not discussed in
this paper. The feasibility of the rotational
speed control method is studied and compared
to two point control and to mechanical
blade angle control by estimating investment
costs and profit differences due to differences
in efficiency and in control method. Also,
general remarks on the factors that influence
the feasibility of rotational speed control
are given. An example feasibility calculation
of a pilot plant is given in the case
where one of the four parallel submerged
fixed blade turbogenerators is equipped
with a frequency converter.
342 Rewiew
of methods for a hybrid energy system
islanding efficient management
Á. Llaría(1),
O. Curea(1), J.
Jiménez(2),
U. Bidarte(2)
(1). LIPSI. École
Supérieure des Technologies Industrielles
Avancées. France
(2). Departamento
de Electrónica y Telecomunicaciones.
University of The Basque Country. Spain
Nowadays,
when a long time problem happens in the
electric net, Hybrid Energy Systems (HES)
can be disconnected of it to avoid damages.
The aim of the research described in this
paper is to study the possibility that
the HES, once it has been disconnected,
could be able to provide energy to near
loads creating a micro-grid (islanding
scenario).
When in islanding, it is important to
connect or disconnect the loads depending
on the available energy. The control of
that feature will be performed by means
of Demand Side Management (DSM), using
wireless communications and analyzing
different options.
344 Piezoelectric
generator harvesting bike vibrations energy
to supply portable devices
Ericka Minazara(1),
Dejan Vasic(1,2),
François Costa(1,3)
(1). SATIE. Université
de Cergy-Pontoise. France
(2). Université
de Cergy-Pontoise. France
(3). IUFM. France
With
the decrease in energy consumption of
portable electronic devices, the concept
of harvesting renewable energy in human
surrounding arouses a renewed interest.
In this context, we have developed a piezoelectric
generator that harvests mechanical vibrations
energy available on a bicycle. Embarked
piezoelectric transducer, which is an
electromechanical converter, undergoes
mechanical vibrations therefore produce
electricity. A static converter transforms
the electrical energy in a suitable form
to supply LED lamp installed at the front
head of the bike. Values of generated
electrical power are reported and commented.
345 Energy
price-based control strategy of a small-scale
head-dependent hydroelectric power plant
Risto Tiainen, Tuomo Lindh, Jero Ahola,
Markku Niemelä, Ville Särkimäki
Lappeenranta University of Technology.
Finland
347 Power
line carrier communications and its interest
in the current power grid scenario
O. Abarrategui, I. Zamora, DM. Larruskain,
A. Iturregi
Department of Electrical Engineering. UPV
- EHU. Spain
347 two
sheets summary
350 Wind
energy integration into 380 kV system-impact
on power quality of MV and LV networks
Elda Vilchez, Jürgen. Stenzel
Technische Universität Darmstadt. Germany
352 How
the efficiency of induction motor is measured?
S. Corino, E. Romero,LF. Mantilla
Department of Electrical Engineering and
Energy. E.T.S.I.I. y T. University of Cantabria.
Spain
352 two
sheets summary
354 Control
of series active power filter by state feedback
S.P. Litrán, P. Salmerón,
R.S. Herrera, J.R. Vázquez
Electrical Engineering Department. Huelva
University. Spain
The
active power filters in series connection
(APFs), are static compensation systems
based on an electronic converter PWM.
The connection of series APFs in the power
systems allows elimination of the harmonics
caused by specific loads. To obtain the
compensation objective, several strategies
have been proposed up now. Nevertheless,
each strategy developed has been based
on the equivalent electrical circuit and/or
simulation tests. In this work, the whole
system state model has been obtained.
Besides, the system behavior has been
analyzed from the state equations for
each compensation strategy. This analysis
has allowed establishing design rules
respect to the resultant control strategy.
Finally, a practical case is presented.
354 two
sheets summary
362 Diagnostic
information contained in inter-harmonics
of a direct and PWM supplied induction machine
Jan Rusek
AGH University of Science and Technology.
Krakow. Poland
The
paper contains waveforms of currents for
direct and PWM supplied induction machine,
with account for harmonics and inter-harmonics.
Calculations of currents are based on
dynamical model. By direct supply the
grid is assumed to be polluted by 3rd,
5th and 7th harmonics. The PWM voltage
inverter was assumed to operate with perfectly
constant DC link current. Spectrums of
stator currents are examined to distinguish
harmonics bearing information on static,
dynamic and mixed eccentricities. The
model of the machine accounts for dependencies
of stator and rotor inductances on rotor
angle, resulting from winding and air
gap geometry.
362 two
sheets summary
364 A
dynamic model of a vertical direct expansion
ground heat exchanger
B. Beauchamp, L. Lamarche, S. Kajl
Department of Mechanical Engineering. École
de Technologie Supérieure. Montreal.
Canada
The
paper presents a general distributed model
of a vertical U-tube direct expansion
heat exchanger coupled with the ground.
This model is developed for studying the
dynamic thermal behavior of a buried heat
exchanger (the evaporator or condenser)
which is an integral part of the so-called
direct expansion heat pump. The transient
conservative equations of mass and energy
considering the two-phase flow of refrigerant
are derived and presented. The heat exchange
with the ground and the thermal interference
between the two pipes of the heat exchanger
are considered. Experimental data from
a test rig are used to demonstrate the
validity of the dynamic model.
365 Generalized
fourier series - a useful mathematical tool
in power electronics
A.Jan Iwaszkiewicz(1),
B. Jacek Perz(1),
M. Pérez Donsión(2)
(1). The Electrotechnical
Institute, Gdansk Branch. Poland
(2). Electrical Engineering
Department. Vigo University. Spain
366
Influence of converter - connected distributed
generation on distribution network losses
Lieven Degroote, Bert Renders, Bart Meersman,
Lieven Vandevelde
Electrical Energy Laboratory ( EELAB).Department
of Electrical Energy, Systems and Automation
(EESA) Ghent University. Belgium
368 Fuel
cell inverters used for unbalance compensation
in low voltage distribution systems
Héctor Beltrán, Néstor
Aparicio, E. Belenguer, C. Cervelló
García
Department of Industrial Engineering Systems
and Design. Universitat Jaume I. Castelló
de la Plana. Spain
368 two
sheets summary
370 Electrical
charge and discharge characteristics of
battery under remote control of water level
with PV pumping system
Masaki Sato, Yuhta Ohmi, Shingo Kato
Hachinohe Institute of Technology Graduate
School. Japan
370 two
sheets summary
373 Control
method for the improvement of the efficiency
of a fuell cell
Radu C. Donca, Radu Balan, Vistrian Maties,
Olimpiu Hancu
Department of Mechanisms, Precision Mechanics
and Mechatronics. Faculty of Mechanics,
Technical University of Cluj- Napoca. Romania
374 A
multivariable model for identification of
preferred location of wind plants
Ali Azadeh, Seyed Farid Ghaderi, Mohammad
Reza Nasrollahi
Faculty of Engineering, University of Theran.
Iran
Environmentally friendly
benefits of wind power plants make them
very desirable. Hence determination the
optimum locations for use of this resource
is a vital decision. Generally, there
are several parameters models that are
used to specify the locations of wind
plants. But, because of problems with
these models, there are great amount of
uncertainly in using them and many of
them are local models that only can be
used for specific places. In this article
we proposed a Multivariable Model (DEA)
approach that uses a number of predefined
parameters that can be used to identity
optimum locations of wind power plants
in a country, region, etc. DEA is used
to rank various locations capabilities
with respect to four outputs and one input.
Furthermore existing data is also used
to verify and validate the DEA results.
The integrated approach has been applied
to twenty five different locations in
Iran and may be easily used for other
countries or regions. This would result
in significant saving when compared with
conventional methods of measurements for
location optimization.
376 Optimization
of a photovoltaic installation supported
with hydrogen. Study of the influence
of the tilt angle of the modules
M. Calderón(1),
A. Ramiro(2), J.F.
González(2)
(1). Department
of Electrical Engineering . E.I.I. Extremadura
University. Badajoz. Spain
(2). Department
of Applied Physics. E.I.I. Extremadura
University. Badajoz. Spain
The
aim of this work is to analyze the influence
of the tilt angle of the photovoltaic
modules on the efficiency of a autonomous
photovoltaic installation isolated from
power supply and supported with hydrogen
by a Fuel Cell. The photovoltaic modules
were oriented to face south in all the
cases.
378 Capacity
planning for fossil fuel and renewable
energy resources power plants
Farid Ghaderi(1),
Reza Tanha(1), Ahmad
Karimi(2)
(1). Department
of Industrial Engineering, Tehran University.
Iran.
(2). Department
of Mathematics, Tarbiat Modares University.
Tehran. Iran
Electricity
industry is changing by organizational
and legislative evolutions dealing with
economical and environmental affairs.
Besides rapid development in energy generation
decreased the related variable costs,
considering environmental issues. In this
study energy generation technologies are
evaluated both from economical and environmental
views. Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process
(AHP) which is extremely applicable and
known as one of the efficient methods
to analyze complicated multi criteria
problems it is achieved interesting results
from evaluation. The main goal of this
evaluation which is presented in this
essay is to extract total preference weights
for generation technology. Total preference
weights are determined considering four
criteria in fossil fuel power plants and
renewable energy resources power plant
using this evaluation pattern. For three
power plant of gas, steam and combine
cycle the total preference weights are
calculated by considering seven criteria.
For the next eight power plants of wind,
small hydro, photovoltaic, solar thermal,
micro turbine, biomass, geothermal and
fuel cell total preference weights is
considered according to seven criteria.
Optimum capacity is calculated and determined.
Sensitivity analysis is made on two most
important criteria of this model named
1- operation and investment cost, and
2-fossil resources scarcity for power
plants. 1- Multiple criteria of objective
function, 2-possibility of sensitivity
analysis on criteria weights and 3-concurrent
inspection of qualitative and quantitative
criteria in optimization of objective
function are three advantages of the proposed
model comparing common applying method
such as (mono- objective software WASP)
379 Optimizing
consumption and emission in gas fuel consuming
power applyinf DEA model
Samaneh Shokravi, Farid Ghaderi
Department of Industrial Engineering.
Faculty of Engineering, University of
Theran. Iran
In
this paper, energy consumption and carbon
dioxide emission of the Iran gas generators
is studied using Data Envelopment Analysis
(DEA), which is a methodology based upon
an interesting application of linear programming,
and Goal Programming (GP) to show the
importance of CO2 emission in Iran like
most other countries and also conserve
fuel as key role of today life and industry.
Ramanathan studied energy consumption
and carbon dioxide emission as well, from
17 countries of the Middle East and North
Africa (MENA) with four indicators for
the year 1996. In this paper a simple
goal programming model to minimizing carbon
dioxide emission and gas consumption is
revealed for the year of 2004 by employing
three main indicators. First electricity
generated by generators, then carbon dioxide
emission and at last natural gas consumption
as generators consuming fuel. Model is
attempted to minimize the cost and shows
that a new management approach is vital
and with replacing the clean fuel the
demolition cost decrease. The analysis
concludes the most and least efficient
units and revealed an optimizing model
which its results are comparable to international
standards for CO2 emission and fuel consumption,
although there are some other indicators
to refer to for this kind of studies,
such as environmental and technical factors,
age of machineries, primary investment,
repair and maintenance expenses, and efficiency
of process and etc, that could be considered
for future papers and required to develop
the model to compass the new and acceptable
factors.
380 Wave
power conversion systems for electrical
energy production
A. Leão Rodrigues
Department of Electrical Engineering.
Faculty of Science and Technology Nova
University of Lisbon. Portugal
After
a brief description of wave formation
and quantifying the power per length of
wave front associated to the wave, the
paper describes several wave devices located
at shoreline, nearshore and offshore,
such as oscillating column of water, underwater
pneumatic systems, wave dragon system
and oscillating bodies systems. These
mechanisms can be lying on seabed and
on the sea level. A description of the
Pelamis Wave System is also made. It is
a revolutionary concept resulting from
many years of engineering development,
being the world's first commercial scale
machine to generate electrical energy
into the grid from offshore wave energy.
380 two
sheets summary
381 Olive
stone: a source of energy generation and
a suitable precursor for activated carbon
production
S. Román(1),
J.F. González(1),
J.M. Encinar(2)
(1). Department of
Applied Physics. Extremadura University.
Badajoz. Spain
(2). Department of
Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry.
Extremadura Univesity. Badajoz. Spain
Among
all the technologies proposed to provide
sustainable energy, biomass thermochemical
processes are one of the most important
because of biomass availability, clean
character and possibility of using biomass
wastes (which involve a disposal problem).
Moreover, focussing on biomass pyrolysis,
it generates a solid carbonaceous residue
which could be used as precursor for activated
carbon production. This work is focussed
on the study of the reactions involved
in the process of steam and CO2 gasification
of olive stone char, in order to optimize
both the energy content in the gas generated
and the development of porosity produced.
383 Storage
systems for the transition towards active
and smart distribution systems
S. Barsali(1), A.
di Donato(1), R. Giglioli(1),
L. Guidi(2), E. Pasça(2),
S. Scalari(2)
(1). Università
di Pisa. Dipartimento di Sistemi Elettrici
e Automazione. Pisa. Italy
(2). ENEL. Pisa. Italy
The
paper presents the criteria adopted for
designing a storage system to be used in
a distribution grid where several distributed
resources exist. The purpose of introducing
storage in distribution is to enable the
operators to manage the grid as a really
active system. A droop based control system
has been designed and tested through simulations
which are presented in the paper. The results
are currently being used to specify and
build a prototype device to be installed
in a test facility where Enel will develop
a "smart grid".
385 Energy
policy of the European Union: Impact of
the renewable energies and perspectives
for the year 2020
C. Redondo Gil(1),
L.A. Esquibel(1),
A.M. Alonso Sánchez(1),
F.J. Velasco(2)
(1). Department
of Electrical Engineering & Systems
Engineering and Automatic Control. University
of Leon. Spain
(2). Department
of Electronic Technology. University of
Cantabria. Spain
385 two
sheets summary
392 Optimal
operation of paralleled power transformers
David Trebolle(1),
Baudilio Valecillos(2)
(1).UNION FENOSA
DISTRIBUCION. Spain
(2). University
Carlos III of Madrid. Spain
In
the parallel operation of power transformers
interest is placed on minimizing the reactive
current circulation due to mismatching
of electrical properties. Classical methods
either rely on measurements of circulating
currents, or Master/Follower approach
to ensure efficient operation of paralleled
transformers with OLTC. On the present
work a map of circulating current is calculated
based on the transformers impedances,
and OLTC positions, then the optimal tap
positions (minimizing losses) are determined.
The distribution system SCADA is used
to control tap position of the paralleled
transformers. Also a complete regional
risk map provides a list of transformers
feasible for paralleled operation.
393 Optimal
relay performance using advanced fault
diagnostic techniques
Akinbulire,T.O., Oluseyi, P.O.,Esumeh,
C.I.
Department of Electrical/ Electronics
Engineering. University of Lagos. Nigeria
393 two
sheets summary
394 The
application of active filters supported
by Pulse Width Modulated Inverters in
the harmonic simulation of the high power
electric traction
Peter Kiss(1), Attila
Balogh(2), András
Dán(1), István
Varjasi(2)
(1). Budapest University
of Technology and Economics. Department
of Electric Power Engineering Power Systems
and Environment Group. Hungary
(2). Budapest University
of Technology and Economics. Department
of Automation and Applied Informatics
. Hungary
The
paper shows the present results of a long
term research work. The authors are working
on the modelling of active filtering of
harmonics caused by the railways.
To
simulate the harmonic penetration and
filtering effects of the power electric
traction the combination of frequency
and time dependent model should be used.
This novel method, called double domain
simulation is improving the accuracy of
the frequency domain simulation. To calculate
the sophisticated model of the electric
locomotive and active harmonic filter
as a non-linear load a time dependent
model must be used. The traction supply
system together with the equivalent supply
network impedance could be calculated
in frequency domain. An iteration algorithm
is developed converting the variables
in every iteration step between the time
and frequency domain.
394
two sheets summary
395 Integrating
power quality analysis and protection relay
functions
Aleksander Lisowiec, Andrzej Nowakowski,
Zdzislaw Kolodziejczyk
Tele & Radio Research Institute. Warsaw.
Poland
In
the paper the implementation of power
quality analysis functions in protection
relay has been presented. The main focus
of the research has been on the development
of efficient algorithms for voltage and
current signals frequency spectrum determination
with harmonic and interharmonic content
up to 2 kHz. The technique that enables
efficient implementation of frequency
spectrum determination in protection relay
employed in systems with varying line
frequency is resampling in the digital
domain. The accuracy analysis of the resampling
technique applied in a protection relay,
taking into account implementation issues,
has been carried out.
395 two
sheets summary
397 Possibility
of application of a low frequency inductive
heating to selected ferromagnetic objects
B. Miedzinski(1),
Z. Okraszewski(1),
Liang-jun Xu(2), Xin
Wang(2)
(1). Wroclaw Univesity
of Technology. Poland
(2). Beijing University
of Posts and Telecommunications. China
398 Speed
multipliers for renewable energy systems-hydro
and wind
Codruta Jaliu, Dorin Diaconescu, Radu Saulescu
Department of Product Design and Robotics.
Transilvania University of Brasov. Romania
400 Statiscal
processing of data coming from a photovoltaic
plant for accurate energy planning
Annalisa Di Piazza, Maria Carmela Di Piazza,
Gianpaolo Vitale
Instituto di Studi sui Sistemi Intelligenti
per L´Automazione (ISSIA-CNR). Palermo.
Italy
This
paper presents a statistical approach
to manage sampled data coming from a photovoltaic
installation by performing measurements
from June to October and sampling each
10 minutes. The proposed statistical methods
are the k-means clustering and the normal
density probability distribution. The
use of the proposed methods allows to
simplify the problem of the PV plant energy
assessment respect to the option of obtaining
the desired information by managing a
large amount of experimental observations.
The deviation between estimated and actual
produced energy is equal to 1.2% with
k-means clustering and to 1.8% with normal
density probability distribution.
400 two
sheets summary
401 Comparison
of control techniques for three-phase distributed
generation based on VOC and DPC
Graziella Giglia, Marcello Pucci, Calogero
Serporta, Gianpaolo Vitale
ISSIA-CNR. Palermo. Italy
This
paper presents a comparison among control
strategies of active rectifiers used for
grid connected distributed generation
systems from renewable sources.
The considered techniques are: Voltage
Oriented Control (VOC), Direct Power Control
(DPC), two DPC based techniques to minimize
the Common Mode (CM) emissions called
DPC-EMC1 and DPC-EMC2 set up by the authors
and their versions based on virtual flux.
All the described techniques have been
implemented using Matlab-Simulink environment
and PLECS.
In the results the current injected into
the grid, the THD of the injected current
vs generated power and vs DC link voltage
and the CM voltage are shown.
401 two
sheets summary
402 Photovoltaic
panels labViewTM controlled- a platform
for educational purposes
Nuno Faria(1), António
Bonifácio(1),
João Pedro Trovão(1.2).,
Paulo Tavares(1.2)
(1). Instituto Superior
de Engenharia de Coimbra. Portugal
(2). Instituto de
Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores de
Coimbra. Portugal
This
paper presents a platform for educational
purposes, based on photovoltaic panels
LabViewTM controlled. The objective of
this work is to give a contribution to
the sustainable development. For this,
a batteries charging with PV panels study,
in respect to several measurement and
how this variables change according to
Sun position and PV panels orientation,
is presented. A database with these variables
is created. Another particularity is the
control of two electric motors in order
to move the PV panels through the day
to achieve the optimal set-up. Finally,
a cost study of three possible configurations
versus generated power, project conclusions,
possible applications and future studies
based on this work are presented.
402 two
sheets summary
404 Unified
power quality conditioner with electric
double layer capacitor
B. Han, H. Lee, J. Lee
Department of Electrical Engineering, Myongji
University, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
This
paper proposes a new configuration of
UPQC (Unified Power Quality Conditioner)
that consists of the DC/DC converter and
the electric double layer capacitors for
compensating the voltage interruption.
The proposed UPQC can compensate the reactive
power, harmonic current, voltage sag and
swell, voltage unbalance, and the voltage
interruption. The performance of proposed
system was verified through experimental
works with a prototype. The proposed system
can improve the power quality at the common
connection point of the non-linear load
and the sensitive load.
407 First
results of the anomalies identification
method for PV systems
A.López Agüera(1),
I. Rodriguez Cabo(1),
Eduardo Fernández(1),
C.M. Torres Costa(2)
(1). Department
of Particle Physics & Galician Institute
of High Energy Physics. Santiago de Compostela
University. Spain.
(2). Department
Chemical Engineering. Aula Enerxias Renovables.
Santiago de Compostela University. Spain
407 two
sheets summary
408 Architectural
integration of renewable energies in historical
cities
A. López Agüera, I. Rodriguez
Cabo, I. Fernández, V. Gándara
Department of Particle Physics & Galician
Institute of High Energy Physics. Santiago
de Compostela University. Spain.
409 Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM). Parameters
influence on the synchronization Process
of a PMSM
J. Rais(1), M.P.
Donsión(2)
1.- Department of Electromechanics and Power
Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering
in Pilzen, University of West Bohemia, Czech
Republic.
2.- Department of Electrical Engineering,
Vigo University, Spain.
409
two sheets summary
412
Finite element analysis of cogging torque
in low speed permanent magnets wind generators
T. Tudorache(1), L.
Melcescu(1), M. Popescu(2),
M. Cistelecan(2)
(1). University Politehnica
of Bucharest, Electrical Engineering Faculty.
Romania
(2). Research Institute
for Electrical Machines (ICPE-ME). Romania
412 two
sheets summary
415 Pyrolysis
and catalytic steam gasification of olive
oil waste in two stages
J. M. Encinar(1),
J.F. González(2),
G. Martínez(1),
M.J. Martín(1)
(1). Dpto Ingeniería
Química y Química Física.
UEX. Badajoz. Spain
(2). Dpto Física
Aplicada. UEX. Badajoz. Spain
417 Classification
of voltage sags base on k-NN in the principal
component space
J. Meléndez(1)
X. Berjaga(1), S.
Herraiz(1), J. Sánchez(2),
M. Castro(2)
(1). Institut d´Informàtica
I Aplicacions Universitat de Girona.Spain
(2). Power Quality
Department of Endesa Distribución,
Barcelona. Spain
417 two
sheets summary
423 Improving
the environmental sustainability of hotel
buildings through the analysis of its
life cycle. Case study: Balearic Islands
B. Roselló, A. Moia, A. Cladera,
V. Martínez
Department of Physics-Mechanical Engineering
Group. University of Balearic Islands.
Spain
425 Study
and comparison of technologies in home and
building electronic systems by fuzzy logic
R. Sáenz López(1),
E. Jiménez Macías(1),
M. Pérez de la Parte(2)
(1). Department of
Electrical Engineering. E.T.S..I.I. University
of La Rioja. Spain
(2).Department of
Mechanical Engineering. E.T.S.I.I.University
of La Rioja. Spain
There
exist many systems of automation, energy
management and security for housings and
buildings, and multiple factors that determine
the most appropriate one. This work considers
the most outstanding factors for the selection
as input variables of a fuzzy model, where
the output variables measure the grade
of adaptation of every system. A high
number of rules are defined to develop
the inference and generate the output
values. The proposed model is developed
with the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox of MATLAB,
and is evaluated on ten different cases,
which are presented to show the behaviour
of the model and the results.
425 two
sheets summary
426 Micro-hydraulic
energy system for electric power production
and DSM in buildings
J.C. Sáenz-Díez Muro(1),
J.M. Blanco Barrero(1),
E. Jiménez Macías(1),
M. Pérez de la Parte(2)
(1). Department of
Electrical Engineering. E.T.S..I.I. University
of La Rioja. Spain
(2). Department of
Mechanical Engineering. E.T.S.I.I.University
of La Rioja. Spain
In
this article a procedure of electric power
obtaining is presented, based on the micro-hydraulic
application derived from the supply pressure
of water in the cities; this constitute
a step more toward the objective of sustainable
buildings (energy and environmentally
speaking), and is integrated into the
generat electrical power management in
biuldings with the main renewable energy
systems for electrical supply (basicaly
wind and solar energy). The proposed system
can be more important in non-developed
countries, where the electric supply is
not totally reliable, and the water supply
of the buildings is made by using water
tanks on the top.
426 two
sheets summary
427 Modelization
of earth electrode excited by atmospheric
discharges based on FEM
J.M. Bueno Barrachina, C.S. Cañas
Peñuelas, S. Catalán Izquierdo,
A. Quijano López
Instituto de Tecnologia Eléctrica.
Valencia. Spain
The
aim of this paper is to obtain the distribution
of tensions in the land excited by currents
type ray using different types of electrodes:
the goad electrodes and the deep goad
electrodes, and as an exceptional case
an electrode type drags was used.
In this work, the program ANSYS® that
is based on the finite elements method
(FEM) was used. After the simulation of
the distribution of tensions, different
parameters were obtained, such as the
tensions of step (Vp) and of contact (Vc)
which determine the security of the installation
of put in the earth (PE) protection.
427 two
sheets summary
430 Development
of micro grid model for stability assessment
I.Vokony, A. Faludi, A. Dán
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics.
Hungary
430 two
sheets summary
431 Performance
limitations of B6 inverters during unsymmetrical
voltage sag conditions
A. Notholt(1), D.
Coll- Mayor(2)
(1). Institut für
solare Energieversorgungstechnik. Germany
(2). University of
Balearic Islands, Physics Department. Spain
432 Circunstances
affecting the protection against electrode
potential rise (EPR)
József Ladányi, György
Varjú
Budapest University of Technology and Economics,
Department of Electric Power Engineering.
Hungary
Required
power of the big cities keeps growing
year by year. It is necessary to establish
new high voltage (HV) / medium voltage
(MV) transformer stations to satisfy power
demand in densely populated urban areas.
The area available for installing HV/MV
substation is restricted and becomes more
and more expensive in the city.
In this paper the earthing resistance
of substations with different earth electrode
and soil structures is investigated by
simulation studies with the use of CDEGS
(Current Distribution, Electromagnetic
Fields, Grounding and Soil Structure Analysis)
software code. The paper presents the
effect of grid geometry, soil characteristics,
the effectiveness of the vertical earth
rods and the conductor diameter.
432 two
sheets summary
434 Ultra
low quiescent consumption isolated PFM power
supplies under no-load condition
José Miguel de Diego Rodrigo(1),
José Ignácio Garate Añibarro(1),
Javier Monsalve Kägi(2)
(1).UPV, Escuela Técnica
Superior de Ingeniería. Bilbao. Spain
(2). Maxim Integrated
Products, Inc.
437 Two-dimensional
analytical modelling of passive-feed direct
methanol fuel cells
Piergiorgio Alotto, Massimo Guarnieri,
Federico Moro
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica,
Università di Padova. Italy
Direct
methanol fuel cells are regarded nowadays
as promising energy sources for portable
electronic devices. Numerical models can
be very useful for addressing the exploration
of the fuel cell performance, without
the development of many prototypes, which
can be very expensive due to the presence
of rear materials. Analytical models are
particularly suited for investigating
the cell performance with limited computing
costs.
In
this work, a two-dimensional model for
assessing the performance of an active-feed
direct methanol fuel cell is presented,
accounting for electrochemical reactions,
mass and heat transfer.
437
two sheets summary
439 A
switched reluctance generator behavior
under variable speed and variable excitation
Ribeiro, F.S.L., Cabral L.G., Fleury,
A.
Laboratório de Máquinas
Elétricas da Universidade Católica
de Goiás. Brasil
The
subject of this paper is the wind powered
Switched Reluctance Generator - SRG and
its behavior. Simulations and experimental
results are presented. It was analyzed
the efficiency of SRG under different
conditions. Many operational test were
conduced to state clearly the behavior
of a prototype drove by a half-bridge
(HB) converter. Variable excitation voltage
and angular speed relationship are established
clearly. It shows that the suitable excitation
control for a wind powered SRG must adjust
the operation parameters to match the
desired point on certain surfaces.
441 A
constructal approach to power distribution
networks design
Alexandru M. Morega(1),
Juan C. Ordonez(2),
Mihaela Morega(1)
(1). Politehnica
University of Bucharest, Romania
(2).Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Florida State
University . USA
Superior,
scalable grid topology that may provide
for higher quality of service, survivorship
capacity, and reconfiguration capability
is a feature of modern grid architecture.
The reported research is aimed at delivering
a possible, constructal solution that
is based on a minimum-redundant, scalable,
reconfigurable topology that helps increasing
the grid immunity to faults. We assume
that a tree network serves nodes of consumption
that are evenly distributed throughout
the territory. All nodes are equally important
and network survivability means delivering
electrical energy to as many consumers
as possible. The models and loads estimation
is based on the load momentum method.
441
two sheets summary
443 Performance
comparison of an alternative converter
for wind powered switched reluctance generators
Oliveira, E.S.L., Fleury, A., Fleury-Neto,
G.A.C., Oliveira, T.F.
Laboratório de Máquinas
Elétricas da Universidade Católica
de Goiás. Brasil
The
subject of this paper is a comparison
of the performances of two converter topologies
for Switched Reluctance Generators - SRG.
It deals with this special electrical
generator excited through a rectified
DC link. The prime mover is a wind turbine.
Mathematical model and simulation results
are presented. Both the power converters
topologies implemented work well but the
alternative one is cheaper and more efficient
than the conventional half-bridge one.
Furthermore, only the alternative converter
allows to feed the load from the grid
even when the SRG is not running. This
is good for complementary wind power.
Experimental results are presented. It
was shown that the SRG worked as expected
and that the alternative topology reached
expectations.
444 About
phases dependence in switched reluctance
generator
Dias, R.J., Coelho, A., Fleury, A.
Departamento de Engenharia de Universidade
Católica de Goiás (UCG)
Brasil
This
paper analyses and discusses the phase's
dependence of the switched reluctance
generator - SRG. A 6x4 SRG prototype was
assembling for tests. Each one of this
SRG phases can be connected and disconnected
when needed. A reduced switches count
converter that was use to drive the SRG.
Experimental results showed changes in
the characteristics wave forms of two
operational phases when the third phase
is disconnected. At a first sight, it
was an unexpected result [1], [2]. Although
many tests were conduced confirming the
first result. Therefore, it should be
say that for the prototype tested under
the conduced testing conditions each phase
behavior depends in the other phases behave.
Remarkable changes in the waveforms those
are present here. They show that there
is not independence between the phases
but a truly strong dependence among them.
446 Statistical
inter-comparison study of empirical models
to estimate the monthly-average daily
global irradiation on tilted south oriented
surfaces
A. Ramiro(1), F.J.Moral(2),
F.J.Masa(1), A.
Sordo(1)
(1). Department
of Applied Phisics. Extremadura University.
Spain
(2). Department
of Graphical Expression.Extremadura University.
Spain
Determinations
of the global irradiation on tilted surface
are a prerequisite in different solar
applications. Validation of models to
estimate such values is of paramount importance,
given the limited number of meteorological
stations capable of providing such information.
Using the global irradiation on horizontal
surface recommended in the Schedule of
Conditions System Technologies, four models
were investigated: Liu and Jordan, Aláiz,
Klein and Censolar. A comparative study
based on the statisticians of the distribution
of the calculated information indicates
that the model of Aláiz agreed
well with the reference dates. On the
contrary, the Censolar has got the maximum
diversion.
450 Optimal
design of a PV-wind system for water pumping
José L. Bernal- Agustín,
Rodolfo Dufo- López, José
A. Dominguez Navarro, José M. Yusta-Loyo
Electrical Engineering Department. University
of Zaragoza. Spain
This
paper shows the optimization of a PV-Wind
system to supply the demand of water pumping
in a small town in Bolivia. This work
has been done with the HOGA program (Hybrid
Optimization by Genetic Algorithms). The
objective function to minimize in the
design process is the total Net Present
Cost (NPC) of the system. The system is
defined as a combination of components
(PV panels and wind turbines). In this
case HOGA has used as an enumerative method
of design, evaluating all the possible
solutions to the design problem.
468 Combined
operation of UPQC and fuel cell with common
DC bus
S.A.Ale-Emran(1),
M. Forghani(2),
M. Abedi(1), G.B.
Gharehpetian(1)
(1). Electrical
Engineering Department, Amirkabir University
of Technology, Tehran. Iran
(2). Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Tehran. Iran
In
this paper analysis results of a cooperation
of the unified power quality conditioner
with the fuel cell units are presented.
A comprehensive control strategy is introduced
to extract the compensating signals for
the control of the proposed system. The
used control strategy can extract the
reference currents and voltages of UPQC
fast and accurately in the presence of
harmonics and/or frequency oscillation.
The proposed scheme can compensate voltage
sag, voltage interruption and harmonics
at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC)
on power distribution system. The simulation
results prove the efficiency of using
the presented method on power quality
improvement.
473 Alternative
methods for internal arc tests on 12 kV
and 24 kV metal-enclosed switchgears with
compact RMU
George Curcanu, Constantin Ilinca, Ilie
Sbora
ICMET. Craiova. Romania
475 Analysis
the islanding mode of combined operation
of DG and UPQC in unbalanced distribution
system
S.M-Ale-Emran, H.R.Baghaee, M.Abedi, G.B.Gharehpetian
Electrical Engineering Department, Amirkabir
University of Technology, Tehran. Iran
The
proposed system consists of a series inverter,
a shunt inverter, and a Distributed Generation
(DG) connected in the dc link. It focuses
on improving the power quality and ensuring
the continuity of the electric power supply.
The function of the scheme has been investigated
in islanding mode which is a challenging
mode of UPQC. The formulation of the proposed
control scheme which is based on the instantaneous
power theory is described. The proposed
system can improve the power quality at
the point of installation on power distribution
systems or industrial power systems. Compensation
of reactive power at the Point of Common
Coupling (PCC) is examined. The effectiveness
of the proposed scheme has been verified
by simulation.
490 Making
the power system intelligent
Péter Kádár
Budapest Tech. Dept of Power Systems.
Hungary
The
increasing power demand requires better
exploitation of the existing system. A
possible method is the decrease of the
peak/valley ratio of the daily load curve.
The local intelligent applications in
the households help the control on the
power system level. We dig in depth, how
the intelligence of lower levels could
be raised. The traditional ripple control
can not be extended on a lot of programmable
household appliances, as the washing machine,
refrigerator, tumble drier, etc. We investigated
typical households and found a great voluntary
control potential. The paper presents
the measurement results and gives a HW
structure to take these loads into a "smooth"
DSM.
490
two sheets summary
502 A
control method of parallel inverter for
smart islanding of a local power system
Mashahide Hojo(1),
Kota Amo(1), Toshihisa
Funabashi(2), Yoshinobu
Ueda(2)
(1). The University
of Tokushima, Japan
(2). Meidensha Corporation,
Japan
Various
types of distributed generators based
on renewable energy become available today.
The trends can make some small-scale power
networks stand alone with an individual
style and benefits, which is referred
to as a concept of microgrid. To achieve
its stable operation, a parallel inverter
which is installed at the coupling point
of the microgrid and utility can provide
good performance. This paper deals with
a control system of the inverter to keep
high power quality by supporting the operation
of islanding microgrid. The proposed system
is tested under various situations including
the condition of distributed generator
with simulation studies.
502 two
sheets summary
503 Sampling
frequency and time window influence on flicker
measurements significance. A case study.
F. Oliveira(1,2),
A. Madureira(3), M.P.
Donsión(4)
(1). School of Technology
and Management Polytechnic Institute of
Leiria. Portugal(2).
INESC Coimbra. Portugal
(3).
INESC Porto. Portugal
(4). Electrical Engineering
Department. Vigo University. Spain
504
New efficient design for air-air heat
pumps
C.J. Renedo(1),
A. Ortiz(2), M.
Mañana(2),
F. Delgado(2), S.
Pérez(1),
D. Silició(2),
F.Ortiz(2)
(1). Department
of Electrical and Energy Engineering,
ETS Náutica, University of Cantabria,
Santander, Spain.
(2) Department of
Electrical and Energy Engineering, ETSI
Industriales y Telecomunicación,
University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
505 Energy
implications of the mycosphaerella sp.
in eucalyptus globules stands
C.Tejedor(1), S.
Pérez(2),
C.J. Renedo(2),
A. Ortiz(2), M.
Mañana(2),
D.Silió(2)
(1). Bosques 2000,
S.L., Grupo Sniace, Ganzo, Torrelavega,
Spain.
(2). Department
of Electrical and Energy Engineering,
ETSI Industriales y Telecomunicación,
University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
506 Metodology
for harmonic distortion level determination
L.I. Eguiluz, J.C. Lavandero, M. Odrizola,
V:M. López
Department of Electrical Engineering, Catabria
University. Spain
508 An
assessment of renewable energy generation
in a conventional steam power plant with
geothermal feedwater preheating
Janusz Buchta
Technical University of Lodz. Institute
of Electrical Power Engineering. Lozd. Poland.
Hybrid
steam power plant with geothermal feedwater
preheating enables conversion of low temperature
geothermal resources into electricity.
The paper presents results of calculation
of some performance parameters for 200
MWe fossil power unit associated with
geothermal well. The paper gives separation
rule of renewable energy from conventional
one at hybrid power plant output. An influence
of geothermal fluid temperature on hybrid
power plant performance is discussed in
a study and illustrated in several charts.
512 Analytical
modelling and implementation of a new
four-switch hybrid power filter topology.
Jiri Klima(1), Jiri
Skramlik(2), Viktor
Valouch(2)
(1). Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation
Technical Faculty of CZU in Prague. Czech
Republic
(2). Institute of
Thermomechanics, Academy of Sciences of
the Czech Republic.